Bone Cancer - Page 2

Ewing’s sarcoma, the third most common type of primary bone cancer, forms in the middle (shaft) of large bones. The pelvis, femur (thigh bone) and tibia (shin bone) are the most common sites, although it can develop in other bones. Ewing’s sarcoma tends to appear in children and adolescents. It is uncommon in adults over 30 years of age.

Fibrosarcoma and malignant fibrous histiocytoma are most commonly found in adults. They both originate in the soft tissues — tendons, joint tissue, fat and muscle. Areas most affected are the arms, legs and jaw.

The exact cause of bone cancer is unknown. These cancers occur more frequently in children and young adults, especially those who have undergone radiation or chemotherapy for other conditions. In rare cases, adults with Paget’s disease (a non-cancerous bone condition) may have an increased risk. Heredity may also play a small part in developing bone cancer.

The most common symptom of bone cancer is pain around the affected area. Tumors that develop in or around joints may cause swelling and tenderness. Bones weakened by the cancer can break after a minor fall or accident. Those with cancer of the spine may experience weakness, numbness and tingling in the limbs. Symptoms of bone cancer can also include fatigue, weight loss, fever and anemia. These symptoms may also be caused by other, non-cancerous conditions. Therefore, it is important to be examined by a doctor.

To diagnose bone cancer, the patients’ personal and family medical history is taken, and a complete medical examination is performed. X-rays can detect bone tumors. Further imaging tests, such as a CT scan, MRI or bone scan may be needed. A biopsy — a sample of the tissue removed from the bone tumor — is necessary to confirm the presence of cancer.

Treatment depends on the specifics of the cancer — location, size and stage of the cancer. The primary treatment is often surgery. Chemotherapy and radiation may also be used, either alone or in combination.

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